剑桥雅思真题9阅读核心同义替换之C10-T3-R1

C10-T3-R1
1. 题干：ii  The development of mass tourism
(C10-T3-R1 T1)
原文：B  Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.
同义替换：
Mass tourism --- Tourism in the mass form
Development --- began, creation, rapid growth and expansion
 
2. 题干：i  Economic and social significance of tourist
(C10-T3-R1 T2)
原文：C  Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’. In 1992, the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s gross national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and effects on employment, on society itself.
同义替换：
Significance --- profound impact
Economic --- world economy
Social --- society itself.
 
3. 题干：v  Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism
(C10-T3-R1 T3)
原文：D  However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers. Moreover, in all nations this problem has made itdifficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.
同义替换：
Difficulty in recognising --- have hidden
Economic effects --- economic impact
 
4.  题干：vii  The world impact of tourism
(C10-T3-R1 T4)
原文：E  Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United State. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.
同义替换：
World impact --- international, many nations,other countries, major source of income
 
5. 题干：The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.
(C10-T3-R1 T5)
原文：The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer
with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees.
同义替换：
Largest employment figures --- World’s largest employer
 
6. 题干：Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.
(C10-T3-R1 T6)
原文：This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s gross national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year.
同义替换：
Contributes over --- producing over
 
7. 题干：Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
(C10-T3-R1 T7)
原文：Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and effects on employment, on society itself.
同义替换：
Social impact --- effects on society itself
 
8. 题干：Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
(C10-T3-R1 T8）
原文：However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself.
同义替换：
Two main features --- the major problems
Significance --- impact
Difficult to ascertain --- hidden or obscured
 
9. 题干：Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
(C10-T3-R1 T9)
原文：Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated.
同义替换：
Visitor spending --- spending by visitors
Residents --- local residents
 
10. 题干：It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.
(C10-T3-R1 T10)
原文：However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact.
同义替换：
Easy --- not possible
Show --- provide
Statistically --- data, statistical
Affects --- impact
 
11.题干：In Greece, tourism is the most important….
(C10-T3-R1 T11)
原文：For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries.
同义替换：
Most important --- major source of
 
12.题干：The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major…..
(C10-T3-R1 T12)
原文：In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United State.
同义替换：
The major --- the number one ranked
 
13.题干：The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of….
(C10-T3-R1 T13)
原文：However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.
同义替换：
The problems --- difficulties
Reflected --- arise
The measurement of --- measure