起底新托福阅读的推断题解题技巧

托福阅读的“inferential comprehensive questions”下有三类子题型，分别是inference questions（推断题），rhetoric purpose questions（修辞目的题），insert text questions（句子插入题）。其中推断题是公认的难题，往往令考考生很头痛，因为除了文章中明确的信息外，它还会涉及文章隐晦信息的识别。官方指南里就明说了“test your ability to draw conclusions based on information provided in the text.”意味着要做对推断题，需要考生基于原文的信息来获得推断题的正确答案。

不像会有明确信原文信息的事实题目（factual questions），推断题要求学生理解文章暗示的内容，但是这些内容并非直接表述的。接下来老师会分析新托福阅读推断题的特征和出题思路，并补充解题要点，最后通过题目的训练拿下这个题型。

一、判断题的典型提问模式

1. 推断题的题目示意：
①　Which of the following is most likely to be true?
②　the paragraph supports which of the following statements?
③　What can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph...

2. 推断题的题型标志key words：infer，support，probably/probable，possible，suggest，imply，reflect，conclude，most likely，indicate等。

二、判断题的解题思路和步骤

1.审题：看是否存在题型的标志词，找定位信息。

2.定位原文并阅读理解：读原文的答案相关句，把握句子的大意；可以着重看看是否存在逻辑词。如果文章中存在逻辑词，答案句会比较明显，否则答案可能比较隐晦或分散。

3.再进行选项分析：进行题文的对比分析、排除定答案。

三、题型的考点分析

推断题有着多个经典的考点：因果关系、转折对比关系、时间先后顺序。如，文章为：Unlike the ancient Mayan civilization,the Inca Empire did not have any formal writing system,although this did not prevent the development of remarkably sophisticated cultural and political spheres.基于原文，可能的推论为：The Mayans had a formal writing system. 这时的考点为转折对比逻辑，其关键词常见的由however，but，unlike，while等。

再如，一道经典的推断题答案是“Unlike most other bovids,Bovinae species are ail non-territorial”。而对应的文章中“Some species of bovid are solitary,but others live in large groups with complex social structures.”就存在明显的转折词汇but，利用这个线索可以快速地确定答案句。

四、结题训练和题目分析

Carthage's Trade Network

Carthage, founded by Phoenician merchants around 814 B.C.E, became a powerful city-state due to its strategic location on the Mediterranean. This position allowed Carthage to establish a vast trade network that extended across the Mediterranean and into Africa, Europe, and Asia. Carthaginian traders dealt in goods such as silver,gold, tin, and textiles.

The Carthaginians excelled in maritime technology, constructing advanced ships for long-distance journeys and bulky cargo transport. They developed efficient trade routes and set up colonies, expanding their economic reach. Their prowess in navigation and trade transformed Carthage into one of the wealthiest cities in the ancient world. Carthage's wealth was also built on innovations in agriculture.Carthaginian farmers employed advanced irrigation techniques and crop rotation,leading to abundant harvests that supported both local consumption and export.

However, Carthage's rise did not come without challenges. lts growing wealth and dominance in trade led to rivalry with Rome. The Punic Wars, a series of three wars fought against Rome from 264 to 146 B.C.E, were rooted in competition for control of Mediterranean trade routes. Despite initial successes, Carthage was ultimately defeated. The final blow came when the Romans launched a brutal siege on Carthage.culminating in the city's destruction.

题目为：The passage indicates which of the following about Carthage's maritime technology?大家可以做下这个题目，看看选什么：

A、Carthage's ships were designed primarily for the transport of small items of high value, such as silver and gold.
B、Carthage's ships were not as advanced as Roman ships.
C、Carthaginians developed a system of switching ships at colonial ports to go longer distances.
D、Carthaginians were skilled at navigating over long distances.

这道题的答案选D，其答案句就是文章中的The Carthaginians excelled in maritime technology, constructing advanced ships for long-distance journeys and bulky cargo transport.

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