支招托福作文 | 学术讨论范文（55）

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Question
2025年7月29日下午场B套学术讨论范文

题目：
Your professor is teaching a class on social studies. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.In your response, you should do the following.
• Express and support your opinion.
• Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Achebe
With so many opportunities to connect nowadays, some people believe that no matter which country we come from, we have more similarities than differences. However, others have observed that differences between themselves and people from other countries are growing. In your view, are differences between people from different countries increasing, or are they diminishing? Why?

Andrew
I think the differences among us are decreasing as our exposure to products from other countries grows. We can enjoy food from any country. We can watch movies made in faraway places. We can go to a store and buy authentic goods from around the world. These things become part of our normal life and make our differences seem smaller.

Claire
I understand what Andrew is saying, but for some people, being exposed to differences makes them retreat into their own corner even more. Look at social media. We are exposed to many different people and ideas, but a lot of people talk to only those they agree with and ignore the rest. This only makes the differences between people increase.

范文正文

From my perspective, the differences between people from different countries are gradually narrowing. This is because with growing globalization and advancements in information technology, individuals worldwide now enjoy broader access to opportunities and resources, helping to bridge gaps between nations.【表语从句+分词短语】A prime example is the global expansion of educational access. In the past, top-tier education was largely restricted to students in developed countries. These days, however, high-quality learning resources are available to learners across the globe. For one thing, online platforms such as Khan Academy offer free or low-cost courses, or MOOCs, taught by professors from prestigious institutions like Harvard and Stanford. Learners in developing countries can now study cutting-edge subjects like computer science and data analysis, gaining knowledge that was once out of reach.【分词短语+定语从句】For another, international scholarship programs have also made overseas education more attainable. Programs such as China’s CSC scholarship support outstanding students from low- and middle-income countries in pursuing higher education abroad and bringing back valuable expertise, contributing to the development of their local systems. Therefore, as global academic collaboration deepens and learning opportunities become more accessible,【时间状语从句】the overall disparities among people from different countries are steadily diminishing.

写作思路和特色

这道题是2025年7月29日下午场B套托福学术讨论写作真题，也是托福考试中反复出现的学术讨论写作题目之一，出现在2023年11月11日。在这一道表明立场类题目中，教授询问：不同国家之间的人们差异是在增加还是在减少？Andrew认为差异正在减少，因为人们接触到越来越多来自其他国家的产品，比如美食、电影和商品，这些元素逐渐融入人们的日常生活，使人们之间的差异变得越来越小；Claire则认为差异正在增加，因为人们在面对差异时往往会退回到自己的小圈子里，只与志同道合的人交流，忽视其他观点，从而进一步加大了人与人之间的差异。

这篇文章采用了“个人观点+因果论证+举例论证+总结”的写作结构，围绕“不同国家之间的人们差异是否在减少”展开论述，明确表明了差异正逐渐减少的立场，并将原因归结于全球化的发展和信息技术的进步带来的机会与资源共享。文章首先指出，全球优质教育资源的普及是差异减少的重要体现。过去教育主要集中在发达国家，而如今，世界各地的学生都能接触到高质量的学习资源。其一，文章以可汗学院（Khan Academy）等在线平台为例，说明这些平台提供由哈佛、斯坦福等名校教授授课的免费或低价课程，使发展中国家的学生也能学习计算机科学、数据分析等前沿学科，从而获得曾经难以企及的知识。其二，国际奖学金项目进一步拓宽了跨国教育的渠道，例如中国的国家留学基金委奖学金（CSC）资助中低收入国家的学生赴海外深造，并将所学知识带回本国，推动本地相对落后体系的发展。最后，文章在总结中强调，随着全球学术合作的加深和学习机会的不断普及，不同国家人民之间的整体差距正在稳步减少。

文章结构严谨，开篇立场鲜明，主体段落采用“总—分—分—总”模式展开，论据具体且具有说服力。语言方面，文章用词准确、表达流畅，逻辑衔接自然，论证清晰有力。

用词用语整理

【表语从句+分词短语】
“This is because with growing globalization and advancements in information technology, individuals worldwide now enjoy broader access to opportunities and resources, helping to bridge gaps between nations.” 
这句话在文中起到承上启下的作用，承接文章认为各国差异减少的立场，并引出后文关于教育资源普及的具体论据，作为全文论证的总理由。其中，表语从句在句首交代因果关系的核心原因，分词短语在句末补充具体结果，两者结合使句子逻辑紧密、层次清晰，为后文展开具体论据奠定了基础。 

【分词短语+定语从句】
“Learners in developing countries can now study cutting-edge subjects like computer science and data analysis, gaining knowledge that was once out of reach.” 
这句话通过具体说明发展中国家学生能够接触前沿学科并获得曾经难以获得的知识，起到支撑并强化“优质教育资源普及”这一分论点的作用。其中，分词短语突出结果，定语从句细化结果的特征，突出了其过去的稀缺性和现在的可及性，形成鲜明对比。两者配合使句子信息层次丰富，更有力地支撑了论点的说服力。 

【时间状语从句】
“Therefore, as global academic collaboration deepens and learning opportunities become more accessible, the overall disparities among people from different countries are steadily diminishing.” 
这句话作为总结句，概括全文论证内容并重申文章立场，强化“各国差异正在减少”的核心观点。其中，时间状语从句回应前文并进行归纳总结，为结论提供了动态背景和过程描述，使总结句不仅点明结果，还凸显其形成的条件与趋势，从而增强逻辑性与说服力。 

bridge gaps（弥合差距，缩小差异）：bridge本身是名词，意思是桥，引申为动词时，意思就是搭桥、连接、弥合，不仅指实物，也可以指抽象事物的连接或弥补差距；bridge gaps是一个动词短语，字面意思是架起桥梁填补空隙，引申含义是弥合差距、缩小差异、解决分歧，通常用在抽象概念上，比如社会差距（social gaps）、代沟（generation gaps）、认知差异（knowledge gaps）、文化差异（cultural gaps），结构一般是bridge + gap(s) between A and B，意思是弥合A和B之间的差距。在文章中形象化地表达缩小差距的核心主题，既呼应文章立场，又增强语言的生动性与说服力。
例句：
The course is designed to bridge the knowledge gap between high school and university.
这门课程旨在弥合高中与大学之间的知识差距。 

prime（主要的，典型的）：表示某物在数量、重要性或质量上是最重要的、先的或的。在文章中用于强调例子的重要性和经典性，凸显该例子在支撑文章论点中的代表性作用。
例句：
Education is a prime factor in determining future success.
教育是决定未来成功的主要因素。 

top-tier（的，最的，质的）：形容词，通常用在名词前进行修饰，表示某人或某物属于等级或最的一类，常见近义词有first-class, elite, high-end, premium。在文章中用来强调教育资源的高质量和稀缺性，从而突出全球优质教育资源普及的重要意义。
例句：
The company only hires top-tier engineers.
这家公司只招聘工程师。 

prestigious（有声望的，受尊敬的）：形容词，常用来形容学校、奖项、职位、机构等有很高声誉的事物，同义词有renowned, respected, eminent。在文章中用来突出授课院校的高声望与权威性，从而强化所举教育资源例子的说服力。
例句：
She got accepted into a prestigious art school in her city.
她被本市一所很有声望的艺术学校录取了。 

cutting-edge（最前沿的，的，领先的）：形容词，常用来形容技术、科学、研究、设计、产品等处于进水平的事物，强调在其领域中是进的、最创新的，可能是发明或最现代的。在文章中用来强调所学学科是最前沿的、先进的，从而凸显发展中国家学生能够接触到高水平知识的重要性。
例句：
The university offers cutting-edge courses in robotics and biotechnology.
这所大学提供机器人技术和生物技术方面的最前沿课程。 

out of reach（难以实现的，无法得到的）：常用形容词短语，意思是某物够不着，够不到，无法得到，用来描述距离、能力、资源等超出可及范围，可以用在物理意义上，也可以用在抽象意义上。在文章中用来强调过去的知识难以获得，从而凸显如今教育资源普及带来的显著变化与差距减少的好处。
例句：
For many people, owning a house in the city is out of reach due to high prices.
对很多人来说，由于房价太高，在城市里买房几乎无法实现。 

attainable（可以达到的，可实现的）：常用来形容目标、梦想、计划等，只要努力或者条件允许，就能实现。在文章中用来强调国际奖学金项目使海外教育机会变得可实现，从而支持文章关于教育资源普及促进差异减少的论点。
例句：
Setting small, attainable goals can help you stay motivated.
设定一些小而可实现的目标可以帮助你保持动力。 

expertise（专业知识，专长，技能）：强调某人在某个领域的高水平能力或深厚知识，常用于正式场合。结构上通常和in搭配，表示在某方面的专长。在文章中用来突出学生通过海外学习获得的专业知识和技能，从而说明教育交流对个人能力提升及国家发展的积极作用。
例句：
The teacher shared her expertise in storytelling with the students.
老师向学生们分享了她在讲故事方面的专业技能。 

disparities（差异，不平等）：通常用来描述数量、质量、机会、收入、健康等方面的明显差距，常见搭配有income disparities（收入差距）、educational disparities（教育差异），比普通的difference更侧重于不均衡或不公平。在文章中用来概括不同国家人民之间的差距，是全文论证的核心概念。
例句：
There are significant disparities between urban and rural areas in access to healthcare.
城乡在获得医疗服务方面存在显著差距。