* 条状图（柱图变体，依然是bar chart，因为“bar”指的是条状物），选自《剑桥雅思真题集13》
阅读提示：
* 分组（即行文思路）：
组一：1和2（都要作为main feature进行描述），
组二：3—5（Russia作为main feature进行描述），
组三：6—10（Korea和Germany作为main feature进行描述）
* 主语的选择：国家名、production或consumption（词本身）, electricity/electrical power（词本身）、电量数值、代词。
* 状语的各种形式：动词分词(或动宾)（前置、插入、伴随）、独立主格结构、介宾短语。
* 修饰名词：形容词、前缀、定语从句、同位语。
Shown in the chart are ten sets of bars that illustrate the production and consumption of electricity in ten top countries, and the statistics are from 2014. Overall, the figures were diverse.
First of all, it is evident that China and the United States were the two biggest producers and consumers of electrical energy. What is more, China was a bigger producer and also a bigger consumer, with a greater volume of production of almost 5,400 billion kWh and a greater volume of consumption of roughly 5300 billion kWh, whichcompared favorably with America’s 4100 billion kWh and 3900 billion kWh.
* 避免用主句进行生硬的陈述数据，而是写出数据体现出来的事实。
* 以状语、定语从句、同位语等方式陈述数值。
Russia, Japan, and India, ranking 3rd, 4th and 5th, were far behind the top two in their production and usage. Their figures ranged from approximately 700 billion to just over 1000 billion, and it is notable that Russia was the only country that produced and used over 1000 billion kWh of electricity.
* 用rank为动词表达排位的时候，序数词前没有“the”。
* 避免生硬的“量多量少”概念组织措辞。
It is also worth noting that Korea Rep. had the smallest figures (490 billion kWh and 450 billion kWh) among the rest five countries – Canada, France, Brazil, Germany and Korea Rep., whose production and consumption were no more than about 620 billion kWh. Germany is also noteworthy, as its production could not cover its consumption.
* 避免生硬的“量多量少”概念组织措辞。
Clearly, some of those countries differ vastly.
* 补充知识点一：表示“国家”的词，但是意义偏向不同：
country — 通用，泛指各种意义的“国家”。
nation — 人的集合（含有民族性），注意区别于ethnicity。
society — 强调“社会性” ，例如：American society are Chinese society are two different societies. We need to be careful when we deal with people from different societies.
culture — 强调“文化性”。
state — 强调“政府性”，例如：state-owned businesses（国有企业）。
land — 含有地域性 We can eat foods from foreign lands. China has animals from foreign lands.
soil — 含有领土性。
territory — “领土/领地”。
sovereignty — 强调“主权”，“主权国家”，例如：Taiwan is not an independent sovereignty.
* 补充知识点二：表达程度的形容词或副词（例举）：
“大”：immense、tremendous、enormous、huge、colossal、gigantic、giant、sizeable、major、significant、vast、massive、remarkable、marked、considerable、notable、apparent、conspicuous …
“小”slight、minor、insignificant、minute、negligible、marginal …
“不大不小”：moderate、modest、reasonable …
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