流程图:类型一【制作工序】
写作关键:1)避免简答题式的写作(短小的句子扎堆;句子开头/主语趋同;机械地衔接词进行步骤衔接)。2)表工艺的动词;3)表过程中半成品的名词。4)通用的名词和动词。
【开头段】
Shown in the diagrams is how liquid chocolate is manufactured.
● 线图习惯用“graph”,饼图和柱/条状习惯用“chart”,流程图习惯用“diagram” 。
● 句开头的【倒装】。注意动词的单复数由倒置后的主语决定。
【主体部分第1段】写【运送到工厂前】
1. To manufacture liquid chocolate, one category of raw material – the red pods – is the necessity.
2. Picked from cacao trees cultivated in South America, Africa, and Indonesia, the ripe red pods are then split in two to harvest the white cocoa beans.
3. The following step happens in a large wooden box, at the bottom of which are several green leaves.
4. At this procedure, the harvested beans are fermented, with the colour turning into brown.
5. Here comes the next step where the fermented beans are spread in the sun for some time to evaporate moisture.
6. Having been packed into large sacks by farmers, the dry beans are delivered to factories by train or lorry.
● 第二句先利用“v.ed非谓语”,再借助then,表示步骤先后的同时,加入特殊语法现象。
● 第三句虚线部分,是“定语从句+完全倒装”的特殊语法,which指代前面box,流程图简单的步骤中也可以加入有难度的特殊语法。
● 第四句虚线部分为“独立主格”;内容维度上,是“图表的隐藏信息”,要观察仔细。
● 第五句中,“蒸发水分”的表达可积累,很多流程图中,加热的目的就是蒸发水分。
● 第六句中,利用前后“时态特征”(现在完成时-一般现在时)来体现步骤的先后顺序。
● 表工艺的动词是词汇得分的重点。
● 绿色词汇为“同根词不同词性的变体”,将前一个步骤的动词转为形容词修饰产物,以此加强前后步骤的衔接。
【主体部分第2段】写【运送到工厂后】
1. After arriving at the factory, the dry beans are roasted in an oven at a high temperature of 350 ℃, which is followed by milling the beans in a crusher for the purpose of removing the crispy outer shells and revealing the inner parts.
2. The final step is that the inner parts, once placed in a machine with two rollers, are squeezed into liquid chocolate – the final products.
● 句话,承上启下,让两个段落形成联系。这是文章脉络的得分的“妙笔”。语法层面,注意最后and连接的平行结构,均为for the purpose of后的内容。
● 第二句,主句带表语从句,插入once引导一个v.ed非谓语,最后由短破折引导一个同位语作解释说明。
表工艺的动词 以及 通用的动词 是词汇得分的重点。
【结尾段】
Overall, the entire process, including growing cacao trees and producing chocolate, is of certain complexity, going through a series of steps and a number of apparatuses.
● 注意句“including”中“and”前后的平行。
注意【be + of + 名词】=【be + 这个名词对应的形容词】。例如:It is of social significance. = It is socially significant. 句中的“is of certain complexity” = “be complex to some extent”。
● 注意【伴随状语】,逻辑是“伴随着主句所讲的事情而发生”,功能是1)表结果;或2)表补充说明。这里是功能2)。
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