支招托福作文 | 学术讨论范文（41）

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Question
2025年4月23日B套学术讨论题

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should do the following.
•Express and support your opinion.
•Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Achebe
In the next few weeks, we’ll be talking about urban traffic management. Let’s begin by discussing one popular idea—creating car-free central zones. Some cities around the world have recently designated their downtown areas as being automobile-free, which means that vehicles are not allowed to enter the city centers. Do you think that more cities should make their central zones car-free? Why or why not?

Claire
I support the idea of establishing car-free central zones because this will result in one important benefit for city residents—it will be better for their health. Instead of driving everywhere, people will be encouraged to walk or cycle more. It would be a great way to incorporate exercise into people’s routines.

Paul
It sounds like a good idea, but I’m skeptical. My main concern is that many businesses located in the city centers, such as shops and restaurants, may suffer because the customers will no longer be able to reach those businesses by car. For some customers, if they can’t drive, they won’t go at all.

范文正文

I believe that more cities should establish car-free zones in their central areas.【宾语从句】For one thing, banning cars from downtowns improves air quality and promotes public health. For instance, vehicle emissions are a major contributor to urban pollution. However, studies have shown that creating car-free central zones significantly lowers the levels of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and other harmful substances. As a result, the urban air becomes cleaner, reducing the risk of respiratory issues, such as coughing and asthma, and benefiting the overall health of the urban population over time.【分词短语并列】For another, prohibiting automobiles in city cores allows for more efficient use of urban space. For example, cars occupy large areas, which leads to congested streets and limited public areas.【非限制性定语从句】Without them, spaces once dedicated to roads and parking can be repurposed into pedestrian-friendly zones for walking, recreation, and community events, thus serving a broader population. This not only enhances the livability of cities but also makes them more visually appealing. Although Paul argued that this initiative might negatively impact urban businesses, he overlooked the fact that such effects are often temporary.【让步状语从句+同位语从句】In the long run, car-free zones do boost economies and tourism since they create safer and more pleasant environments for both locals and tourists.【强调结构+原因状语从句】Therefore, making city centers car-free is a commendable step toward improving urban life.

写作思路和特色

这道题是2025年4月23日B套托福学术讨论写作真题。同时，这也是托福考试反复出现的学术讨论写作题目之一，出现在2023年8月6日托福家考。在这道表明立场类题目中，教授提问：是否应该有更多城市将市中心设为无车区，也就是说禁止汽车进入市中心？Claire表示应该，因为设立无车区可以鼓励人们在日常生活中更多选择步行或骑行，有助于改善居民健康；Paul则表示不应该，由于顾客无法再驾车前往市中心，可能会对那里的商店和餐馆造成不利影响。

这篇文章采用了“个人观点+因果论证+举例论证+让步反驳+总结”的写作结构，主张应该有更多城市将市中心设为无车区。文章从两个方面论证其合理性与好处：其一，设立无车区有助于改善空气质量，有效减少呼吸系统疾病的发生，提升居民健康水平。具体来说，汽车尾气是城市污染的主要来源，而研究表明，设立无车区可显著降低氮氧化合物、颗粒物等有害物质的含量，有效减少咳嗽、哮喘等呼吸系统疾病的发生；其二，由于车辆占据大量街道和停车空间，设立无车区还能提升城市空间的使用率，一旦这些空间被释放出来，便可重新规划为适合步行、休闲和社区活动的公共区域，不仅让城市更宜居，也提高了整体美观性。此外，文章还针对Paul的观点进行反驳，指出无车区对商业发展的负面影响是暂时的，长远来看，市中心无车区能吸引游客和顾客，反而促进经济与旅游发展。最后，文章进行总结并重申论点，强调在市中心设立无车区的长远意义。

文章结构清晰，论点逻辑紧密，论证方式包括因果、举例与反驳，增强了说服力；语言简洁有力，表达准确自然，展现出较高的写作水平。

用词用语整理

【分词短语并列】
“As a result, the urban air becomes cleaner, reducing the risk of respiratory issues, such as coughing and asthma, and benefiting the overall health of the urban population over time.” 这句话在论证上充分展开了文章个分论点即禁止汽车进入市中心是如何“improves air quality”和“promotes public health”的内容，具体说明了设立无车区对空气质量和居民健康积极影响的论点，从而使该论点的逻辑更完整、更具说服力。其中，两个现在分词短语“reducing...”和“benefiting...”的并列结构使句意层层递进，逻辑清晰，有效加强了因果关系的表达。

【让步状语从句+同位语从句】
“Although Paul argued that this initiative might negatively impact urban businesses, he overlooked the fact that such effects are often temporary.” 这句话通过引入并反驳其中一位同学的观点，展示文章对不同立场的回应能力，增强了论证的全面性和说服力。其中，句首的让步状语从句用来引出反方观点，为下文反驳做铺垫，显示出论证的客观性和全面性；“that such effects are often temporary”则是同位语从句，用来解释前面的名词“the fact”，具体说明Paul所忽视的事实内容，即无车区对商业造成的负面影响往往只是暂时的。这两个从句配合使用，在保留反方观点的同时展开驳斥，增强了文章论证的逻辑性与说服力。

【强调结构+原因状语从句】
“In the long run, car-free zones do boost economies and tourism since they create safer and more pleasant environments for both locals and tourists.” 这句话通过强调无车区带来的长远经济和旅游收益，有力回应了Paul反对意见中的担忧，进一步支持文章对在市中心设立无车区的主张。其中，强调结构通过助动词do强调无车区确实具有促进经济与旅游的作用，用于增强语气、坚定立场；而原因状语从句则说明了主句得以实现的原因，从逻辑上支撑了强调内容。

contributor（促成因素）：常与介词to连用，表示某个因素对某事的发生起了作用，常用于新闻、研究、公共健康等正式或学术语境。需要注意的是，contributor多用于表述造成某种结果的多个因素之一，而非原因。在文章中用于指代汽车尾气在城市污染中的主要成因，突出其不可忽视性，从而为设立无车区以改善空气质量提供有力论据。
例句：
Poor diet is a significant contributor to obesity.
不健康的饮食是导致肥胖的重要因素之一。 

respiratory issues（呼吸系统疾病）：名词短语，通常用于医学或健康相关的语境，描述与肺部、气道、呼吸功能有关的疾病或症状，比如哮喘、支气管炎、肺炎等。在文章中具体指出空气污染对健康造成的直接影响，使“设立无车区改善居民健康”这一论点更加具体和具象，从而增强论证的说服力。
例句：
Many elderly people suffer from respiratory issues during the winter months.
很多老年人在冬季会患上呼吸系统疾病。 

benefiting（有益于，有利于）：词类活用，benefit作动词时，指从某个事物或行为中得到好处或受益。在文章中benefit以现在分词形式出现在并列结构中，说明了城市空气变干净所带来的积极健康影响，进一步强化了无车区有助于改善居民健康这一论点。
例句：
The students are benefiting from the new teaching method.
学生们正在从这种新的教学方法中受益。 

congested（拥挤的，堵塞的）：通常用来形容交通、道路、城市区域，或者人的身体（如鼻子）因某种原因“阻塞不通”。在文章中用于描述城市街道因车辆过多而变得拥堵，突出当前城市空间使用的低效问题，从而为提出设立无车区以优化空间利用提供支撑。
例句：T
he streets are congested with traffic during rush hour.
高峰时段街道上交通非常拥堵。 

dedicated to（专用于……）：通常表示某个物品、场所、设备等专门为某种用途或某个人保留或设计的，使用时主语多为物品、空间、资源等非人主语。在文章中用于说明城市空间原本被专门用于道路和停车，强调资源的单一用途，从而为后文提出将其转化为多功能公共空间的论述提供对比和铺垫。
例句：
The new library is dedicated to research and development.
这座新图书馆是专门用于研究和开发的。 

repurposed（重新利用，改变…...的用途）：通常指将某物的原有用途改变为另一个新的用途，比如文章中将原用于车辆的城市空间转变为新的公共用途，突出了无车区在提升城市空间利用效率和服务功能方面的积极作用。
例句：
The old factory was repurposed into a modern art gallery.
这座老工厂被改建成了一个现代艺术画廊。 

pedestrian-friendly（方便行人的）：复合形容词，意思是某个环境、区域或设计对行人来说是安全、方便、舒适的，常用于描述城市、街道、规划设计等。在文章中用于描绘无车区改造后的空间特征，突出其对行人更加安全舒适，进一步强调设立无车区能够提升城市宜居性和吸引力。
例句：
The new park is very pedestrian-friendly, with clear paths and benches for people to rest.
新公园非常适合步行，里面有清晰的小路和供人休息的长椅。