阅读解题技巧之巧用语义关系

在阅读解题中，我们主要通过题干定位关键词，理解解题句来对应解题的。但在解题过程中，我们发现有时候并不能完全看懂解题句，这时候我们大部分同学就会凭借感觉来做题，我们往往会掉入命题人提前设置好的“陷阱”。实际上，阅读题和完型题一样，如果能够找到解题句语义关系（语义一致或相反）的句子，也可以解题。正所谓，命题人在关闭一道门的同时，有时也偷偷为我们开了一扇窗户，关键在于我们是否有一双“火眼金睛”。

2011年英语二篇21题

21.[单选题] According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for
选项：[A] gaining excessive profits
[B] failing to fulfill her duty
[C] refusing to make compromises
[D] leaving the board in tough times
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009, Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.    

根据题干关键词， Ms. Simmons was criticized for可以定位到Ms. Simmons was under fire （被批评）for 这一句。看懂这句话自然能够解题， But by the end of 2009, Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?（ 西蒙斯女士因担任高盛薪酬委员会成员而受到批评；她怎么可能对这些巨额奖金支出视若无睹、放任它们通过呢？）这句话的意思就是她担任薪资委员会职位，但是对大额资金支出视而不见，对应B选项failure to fulfill her duty(没有履行职责），正确答案是原文概括（题目有一定难度）。很多同学苦于看不懂这句长难句，于是开始凭感觉做题，比如通过bonus对应A选项profit，导致错误选择。实际上，这句开头的But（语义相反）就是一个提示，如果我们看懂前面的句子，也可以进行反义推导来进行选择。For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.(在10年余下的时间里，她显然履行这两个角色的职责，没有引起太多批评。)从这句我们可以看出，她过去十年都履行责任没有批评。那么，现在受到批评，就是因为没有履行职责，直接选出正确选项B，这种解题方式更加简单。

2020年英语一篇第23题

23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it
选项[A] endeavors to maintain its image
[B] meets the aspirations of its people
[C] brings its local arts to prominence
[D] commits to its long-term growth
A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. 

这题定位不难，可以通过关键词定位到The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They （指代，语义一致）transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. 如果我们能把这两句话看懂，可以直接解题。但是，往往学生会因为无法理解，错误选择A、B、C，这就是命题人设计好的“陷阱”。我们仔细看原文中讲到nudge（推动 ）the self-image of the city≠maintain（维持） its image；transform（改变） the aspirations of the people≠meets the aspirations of its people；bring in high-profile（高调的） arts events≠brings its local arts to prominence.正确选项D. commits to its long-term growth（致力于长期发展）是对这句意思The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.  （真正成功的此类头衔持有者，是那些在一年时间里不仅能填满酒店房间，还能带来高知名度的艺术活动和良好的媒体报道的公司。它们改变了居住在那里的人们的愿望；他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。）的概括。题目问到The really successful holders of such titles（真正的头衔拥有者）是怎么样那些人？实际上，前一句提到A badly run “year of culture” （糟糕运行的“文化年”与好的头衔拥有者形成反义）washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. 这句话说，leaving no lasting benefits to the community没有给社会带来持久影响。因此，我们就能通过反义选择正确选项D。   

所以，在平时阅读解题中，如果定位句实在看不懂，可以尝试看看前后句是否有语义关系。如果有，也许会有意外收获。